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Another approach is to loosely construct the body out of geometric shapes, e.g., a sphere for the cranium, a cylinder for the torso, etc. Then refine those shapes to more closely resemble the human form. For those working without visual reference (or as a means of checking one's work), proportions commonly recommended in figure drawing are: [3]
Medical students relied on these figures because they provided a good representation of what the anatomical model looks like. The écorché (flayed) figures were made to look like the skin was removed from the body, exposing the muscles and vessels of the model. Some figures were created to strip away the layers of muscles and reveal the ...
A figure study is a drawing or painting of the human body made in preparation for a more composed or finished work; [1] or to learn drawing and painting techniques in general and the human figure in particular. By preference, figure studies are done from a live model, but may also include the use of other references [2] and the imagination of ...
The drawing represents Leonardo's conception of ideal body proportions, originally derived from Vitruvius but influenced by his own measurements, the drawings of his contemporaries, and the De pictura treatise by Leon Battista Alberti. Leonardo produced the Vitruvian Man in Milan and the work was probably passed to his student Francesco Melzi ...
The word canon (from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn) 'measuring rod, standard') was first used for this type of rule in Classical Greece, where it set a reference standard for body proportions, to produce a harmoniously formed figure appropriate to depict gods or kings. Other art styles have similar rules that apply particularly to the ...
Physiognomy (from Greek φύσις (physis) 'nature' and γνώμων (gnomon) 'judge, interpreter') or face reading is the practice of assessing a person's character or personality from their outer appearance—especially the face.
Exquisite corpse drawing. Exquisite corpse (from the original French term cadavre exquis, lit. ' exquisite cadaver ') is a method by which a collection of words or images is collectively assembled. Each collaborator adds to a composition in sequence, either by following a rule (e.g., "The adjective noun adverb verb the adjective noun."
More common was the meaning of face or visage. Often the term referred to the entire head, even a bust, and in exceptional cases the whole body. A tronie could be two-dimensional, but also made of plaster or stone. Sometimes a tronie was a likeness of an individual, including the face of God, Christ, Mary, a saint, or an angel.