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2. Light's associativity test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light's_associativity_test

   Light's associativity test. In mathematics, Light's associativity test is a procedure invented by F. W. Light for testing whether a binary operation defined in a finite set by a Cayley multiplication table is associative. The naive procedure for verification of the associativity of a binary operation specified by a Cayley table, which compares ...

3. Multiplication table - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_table

   Cycles of the unit digit of multiples of integers ending in 1, 3, 7 and 9 (upper row), and 2, 4, 6 and 8 (lower row) on a telephone keypad. Figure 1 is used for multiples of 1, 3, 7, and 9. Figure 2 is used for the multiples of 2, 4, 6, and 8. These patterns can be used to memorize the multiples of any number from 0 to 10, except 5.

4. Cayley table - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley_table

   Cayley table. Named after the 19th century British mathematician Arthur Cayley, a Cayley table describes the structure of a finite group by arranging all the possible products of all the group's elements in a square table reminiscent of an addition or multiplication table. Many properties of a group – such as whether or not it is abelian ...

5. Trachtenberg system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachtenberg_system

   The method for general multiplication is a method to ... In this same way the tables for subtracting digits from 10 or 9 are to be memorized. ... 7+7=14 6+6=12 8+8=16 ...

6. Multiplication algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_algorithm

   For 8-bit integers the table of quarter squares will have 2 9 −1=511 entries (one entry for the full range 0..510 of possible sums, the differences using only the first 256 entries in range 0..255) or 2 9 −1=511 entries (using for negative differences the technique of 2-complements and 9-bit masking, which avoids testing the sign of ...

7. Twelve Tables - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Tables

   v. t. e. The Laws of the Twelve Tables (Latin: lex duodecim tabularum) was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. Formally promulgated in 449 BC, the Tables consolidated earlier traditions into an enduring set of laws. [1][2] In the Forum, "The Twelve Tables" stated the rights and duties of the Roman citizen.

8. Casting out nines - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_out_nines

   To "cast out nines" from a single number, its decimal digits can be simply added together to obtain its so-called digit sum. The digit sum of 2946, for example is 2 + 9 + 4 + 6 = 21. Since 21 = 2946 − 325 × 9, the effect of taking the digit sum of 2946 is to "cast out" 325 lots of 9 from it. If the digit 9 is ignored when summing the digits ...

9. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

   The number at which this adjustment happens is called the modulus. For example, a regular clock has a modulus of 12. In the case of adding 4 to 9, this means that the result is not 13 but 1. The same principle applies also to other operations, such as subtraction, multiplication, and division. [139]