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2. Backflow - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backflow

   Backflow is a term in plumbing for an unwanted flow of water in the reverse direction. [1] It can be a serious health risk for the contamination of potable water supplies with foul water. In the most obvious case, a toilet flush cistern and its water supply must be isolated from the toilet bowl. For this reason, building codes mandate a series ...

3. Air gap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)

   An air gap, as related to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. [1] Air gaps of appropriate design are legally required by water health and safety regulations in many countries. An air gap is the simplest form of a backflow prevention device.

4. Backflow prevention device - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device

   A backflow prevention device is used to protect potable water supplies from contamination or pollution due to backflow. In water distribution systems, water is normally maintained at a significant pressure to enable water to flow from the tap, shower, or other fixture. Water pressure may fail or be reduced when a water main bursts, pipes freeze ...

5. Reduced pressure zone device - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device

   Reduced pressure zone device connected to a fire hydrant. A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination. RPZDs may also be known as reduced pressure principle (RP), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices, [1][2] reduced pressure ...

6. Atmospheric vacuum breaker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_vacuum_breaker

   An Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB) is a backflow prevention device used in plumbing to prevent backflow of non-potable liquids into the drinking water system. Diagram of Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker in both working states. It is usually constructed of brass and resembles a 90-degree elbow with a hood on its top to allow air to enter the water ...

7. Pressure vacuum breaker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_vacuum_breaker

   A pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) is a type of backflow prevention device, used to keep non- potable (or contaminated) water from entering the water supply. A PVB is similar to an atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB), except that the PVB contains a spring-loaded poppet. This makes it acceptable for applications that are high hazard or where valves ...