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A typeset reference sheet for the first-year student of the Spanish language. Created based upon out-of-copyright public domain sources. Made using Scribus. Date: 13 July 2006: Source: Own work: Author: Struthious Bandersnatch: Permission (Reusing this file)
Spanish has three kinds of demonstrative, whose use typically depends on the distance (physical or metaphorical) between the speaker and the described entity, or sometimes depends on the proximity to the three grammatical persons.
Some loanwords enter Spanish in their plural forms but are reanalyzed as singular nouns (e.g., the Italian plurals el confeti 'confetti', el espagueti 'spaghetti', and el ravioli 'ravioli'). These words then follow the typical morphological rules of Spanish, essentially double marking the plural (e.g., los confetis, los espaguetis, and los ...
When writing about civilian ships, consider omitting common prefixes (e.g. "MS") from the article body, as italicizing the ship's name is often enough to identify it as a ship. Do not use the definite article the before a prefix or when introducing a ship for the first time; e.g., at the beginning of the lead section:
The definite article can also be used in English to indicate a specific class among other classes: The cabbage white butterfly lays its eggs on members of the Brassica genus. However, recent developments show that definite articles are morphological elements linked to certain noun types due to lexicalization. Under this point of view ...
A definite article should be applied only if The is used in running text throughout university materials and if that usage has caught on elsewhere. Otherwise, do not use the definite article for universities. This guideline is a weak version of the most-common-name rule. Most universities do not have a definite article in their names.
Because the definite article is, along with más or menos, the superlative marker, the comparative is grammatically indistinguishable from the superlative when it is used; an additional qualifier phrase such as de los dos ("of the two") must therefore be used to indicate that the adjective is the comparative.
For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs. The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an auxiliary verb plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice.