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P(A|B) may or may not be equal to P(A), i.e., the unconditional probability or absolute probability of A. If P(A|B) = P(A), then events A and B are said to be independent: in such a case, knowledge about either event does not alter the likelihood of each other. P(A|B) (the conditional probability of A given B) typically differs from P(B|A).
In mathematics, Pépin's test is a primality test, which can be used to determine whether a Fermat number is prime. It is a variant of Proth's test . The test is named after a French mathematician, Théophile Pépin .
The elliptic curve primality tests are based on criteria analogous to the Pocklington criterion, on which that test is based, [6] [7] where the group (/) is replaced by (/), and E is a properly chosen elliptic curve. We will now state a proposition on which to base our test, which is analogous to the Pocklington criterion, and gives rise to the ...
The interpretation of a p-value is dependent upon stopping rule and definition of multiple comparison. The former often changes during the course of a study and the latter is unavoidably ambiguous. (i.e. "p values depend on both the (data) observed and on the other possible (data) that might have been observed but weren't"). [68]
A two-tailed test applied to the normal distribution. A one-tailed test, showing the p-value as the size of one tail. In statistical significance testing, a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test are alternative ways of computing the statistical significance of a parameter inferred from a data set, in terms of a test statistic. A two-tailed test ...
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Determining the sex ratio in a large group of an animal species. Provided that a small random sample (i.e. small in comparison with the total population) is taken when performing the random sampling of the population, the analysis is similar to determining the probability of obtaining heads in a coin toss.
Neyman–Pearson lemma [5] — Existence:. If a hypothesis test satisfies condition, then it is a uniformly most powerful (UMP) test in the set of level tests.. Uniqueness: If there exists a hypothesis test that satisfies condition, with >, then every UMP test in the set of level tests satisfies condition with the same .