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The weapon target assignment problem (WTA) is a class of combinatorial optimization problems present in the fields of optimization and operations research.It consists of finding an optimal assignment of a set of weapons of various types to a set of targets in order to maximize the total expected damage done to the opponent.
Others are impossible to approximate within any constant, or even polynomial, factor unless P = NP, as in the case of the maximum clique problem. Therefore, an important benefit of studying approximation algorithms is a fine-grained classification of the difficulty of various NP-hard problems beyond the one afforded by the theory of NP ...
Hence, when a result of statistical analysis is termed an “exact test” or specifies an “exact p-value”, this implies that the test is defined without parametric assumptions and is evaluated without making use of approximate algorithms. In principle, however, this could also signify that a parametric test has been employed in a situation ...
63.8 Gs: The approximate time since the beginning of the Anno Domini era as of 2019 – 2,019 years, and traditionally the time since the birth of Jesus Christ. 194.67 Gs: The approximate lifespan of time capsule Crypt of Civilization, 28 May 1940 – 28 May 8113 363 Gs: (11.5 ka): The time since the beginning of the Holocene epoch
Exact statistics, such as that described in exact test, is a branch of statistics that was developed to provide more accurate results pertaining to statistical testing and interval estimation by eliminating procedures based on asymptotic and approximate statistical methods.
Approximations might also be used if incomplete information prevents use of exact representations. The type of approximation used depends on the available information, the degree of accuracy required, the sensitivity of the problem to this data, and the savings (usually in time and effort) that can be achieved by approximation.
The full potential of parameterized approximation algorithms is utilized when a given optimization problem is shown to admit an α-approximation algorithm running in () time, while in contrast the problem neither has a polynomial-time α-approximation algorithm (under some complexity assumption, e.g., ), nor an FPT algorithm for the given parameter k (i.e., it is at least W[1]-hard).
Identical-machines scheduling is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research.We are given n jobs J 1, J 2, ..., J n of varying processing times, which need to be scheduled on m identical machines, such that a certain objective function is optimized, for example, the makespan is minimized.