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graph with an example of steps in a failure mode and effects analysis. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects.
Risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events. [1] [2] The results of this process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion. Risk assessment is an inherent part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences. [1] [3]
It serves to require the auditor to understand the client's accounting system and internal control system and to assess control risk and inherent risk. The objective is to determine the nature, timing and extent of substantive procedures in order to reduce audit risk to an acceptable low level.
Quality inspector in a Volkseigener Betrieb sewing machine parts factory in Dresden, East Germany, 1977. Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". [1]
Sample Ishikawa diagram shows the causes contributing to problem. The defect, or the problem to be solved, [1] is shown as the fish's head, facing to the right, with the causes extending to the left as fishbones; the ribs branch off the backbone for major causes, with sub-branches for root-causes, to as many levels as required.
For example, construction professionals cannot remove the danger of asbestos when handling the hazardous agent is the core of the task. [3] The most effective control measure is eliminating the hazard and its associated risks entirely. The simplest way to do this is by not introducing the hazard in the first place.
The structured what-if technique (SWIFT) is a prospective hazards analysis method that uses structured brainstorming with guidewords and prompts to identify risks, [1] with the aim of being quicker than more intensive methods like failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA).
Performing a probabilistic risk assessment starts with a set of initiating events that change the state or configuration of the system. [3] An initiating event is an event that starts a reaction, such as the way a spark (initiating event) can start a fire that could lead to other events (intermediate events) such as a tree burning down, and then finally an outcome, for example, the burnt tree ...