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Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...
Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya fi 'Ilm al-Tasawwuf (Arabic: الرسالة القشيرية في علم التصوف, lit. 'The Qushayriyyan Epistle on the Science of Sufism'), mostly known as al-Risala al-Qushayriyya (The Treatise of al-Qushayri), is one of the early complete manuals of the science of Sufism (tasawwuf in Arabic), written by the Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar Abu al-Qasim al-Qushayri (d ...
The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [14] [15] [16] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [14]
Haqiqa is a difficult concept to translate. The book Islamic Philosophical Theology defines it as "what is real, genuine, authentic, what is true in and of itself by dint of metaphysical or cosmic status", [7] which is a valid definition but one that does not explain haqiqa 's role in Sufism.
It has been suggested that Sufi thought emerged from the Middle East in the eighth century CE, but adherents are now found around the world. [2] According to Sufi Muslims, it is a part of the Islamic teaching that deals with the purification of inner self and is the way which removes all the veils between the divine and humankind. It was around ...
For each tariqa in Sufism, there are specific collective litany rules comprising a minimum number of people required to create a group which is generally four murids. In these reciting congregations, the disciples meet daily or weekly to perform collective dhikr , which is a type of meeting thus known as wazifa circle ( halqa ).
As Sufism became a greater movement in Islam, individual Sufis began to group together. These groups (also known as orders) were based on a common master. This common master then began spiritual lineage, which is a connection between a Sufi order in which there is a common spiritual heritage based on the master's teachings (i.e., ‘path’ or ...
Salafism and Sufism are two major scholarly movements which have been influential in Sunni Muslim societies. [1] The debates between Salafi and Sufi schools of thought have dominated the Sunni world since the classical era, splitting their influence across religious communities and cultures, with each school competing for scholarly authority via official and unofficial religious institutions.