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The meristems, where plant cell division occurs, are the usual sites of galls, though insect galls can be found on other parts of the plant, such as the leaves, stalks, branches, buds, roots, and even flowers and fruits. Gall-inducing insects are usually species-specific and sometimes tissue-specific on the plants they gall.
3.8 Triozidae Jumping Plant Lice. 4 Hymenoptera. Toggle Hymenoptera subsection. 4.1 Cynipidae Gall wasps. ... This is a list of insect galls arranged into families.
The Cecidomyiinae, commonly known as gall midges or gall gnats, is the largest subfamily in Cecidomyiidae with over 600 genera and more than 5000 described species. [1] Larvae of the other ( basal ) cecidomyiid subfamilies feed on fungi; whereas this subfamily is best known for its members that induce galls on plants.
Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls . Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length; many are less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long.
The host plants, and the size and shape of the galls are specific to the majority of gall wasps, with about 70% of the known species parasitizing various types of oak, inducing oak galls. Galls can be found on nearly all parts of such trees, including the leaves, buds, branches, and roots.
Plant Galls in Colour. Poole: Blandford Press. ISBN 0-7137-0748-8. Hancy, Rex (2000). The Study of Plant Galls in Norfolk. Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society. Redfern, Margaret & Shirley, Peter (2011). British Plant Galls. Identification of Galls on Plants and Fungi. Shrewsbury: FSC Publications. ISBN 978 1 85153 284 1.
This bowing is temporary, only occurring during the egg laying period of species that use the plant as a host, such as goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) and the goldenrod bunch gall midge (Rhopalomyia solidaginis). [14] Insect species inject their eggs into goldenrod buds causing spherical swelling on the plant known as a gall. [15]
Andricus grossulariae is a gall wasp species inducing agamic acorn cup galls on oak tree acorn cups and sexual phase galls on catkins. [1] Synonyms include Andricus fructuum (Trotter, 1899), Andricus gemellus (Belizin & Maisuradze, 1961), Andricus intermedius (Tavares, 1922), Andricus mayri (Wachtl, 1879) and Cynips panteli (Kieffer, 1897).