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The poverty gap index is an improvement over the poverty measure head count ratio, which simply counts all the people below a poverty line in a given population and considers them equally poor. [2] Poverty gap index estimates the depth of poverty by considering how far the poor are from that poverty line on average. [3] The poverty gap index ...
The most commonly used index from the family, FGT 2, puts higher weight on the poverty of the poorest individuals, making it a combined measure of poverty and income inequality and a popular choice within development economics. The indices were introduced in a 1984 paper by economists Erik Thorbecke, Joel Greer, and James Foster. [1] [2]
According to World Bank, "Poverty headcount ratio at a defined value a day is the percentage of the population living on less than that value a day at 2017 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions."
Head count ratio in South Africa. The head count ratio (HCR) is the population proportion that exists, or lives, below the poverty threshold. [1] One of the undesirable features of the head count ratio is that it ignores the depth of poverty; if the poor become poorer, the head count index does not change. [2]
The depth of poverty is the average 'gap' (G) between the level of deprivation poor people experience and the poverty cut-off line. M1 = H x A x G. Adjusted Squared Poverty Gap (M2): This measure reflects the incidence, intensity, and depth of poverty, as well as inequality among the poor (captured by the squared gap, S). M2 = H x A x S.
26.2 365m [7] upper middle-income line 5.50 (PPP $ day) 60.1 838m [7] Asian Development Bank (2014) poverty line $ 1.51 per person per day [8] Tendulkar Expert Group (2009) urban poverty line Rs 32 per person per day consumption [9] rural poverty line Rs 26 per person per day consumption [9] Rangrajan Committee (2014) urban poverty line
Sen poverty measure combines the Gini coefficient for people living below the poverty line with headcount ration of poverty and the average income of these below the poverty line. [20] This measure has been developed by Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen but has not yet been used in the field of income inequality hypothesis.
The Poverty gap index is the mean distance below the poverty line as a proportion of the poverty line where the mean is taken over the whole population, counting the non-poor as having zero poverty gap. Using the index function, we have: = (<), where define the poverty gap (Gi) as the poverty line (z) less actual income (yi) for poor ...