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Serotiny in botany simply means 'following' or 'later'. In the case of serotinous flowers, it means flowers which grow following the growth of leaves, [1] or even more simply, flowering later in the season than is customary with allied species. Having serotinous leaves is also possible, these follow the flowering. Serotiny is contrasted with ...
The species name serotina is derived from the persistently serotinous cones that may remain closed for several years before they release their seeds. Historically this species has been viewed as a subspecies of Pinus taeda. [14] Similarly Pinus serotina has also been considered a subspecies of Pinus rigida (Pinus rigida subsp. serotina (1880 ...
Cones of all species have thick scales, and all except those of P. pinea open at maturity. Species in this section are native to Europe, Asia, and the Mediterranean, except for P. resinosa in northeastern North America and P. tropicalis in western Cuba. [6] Subsection Incertae sedis †P. driftwoodensis – Early Eocene, British Columbia ...
The cones on many mature trees are serotinous. They open when exposed to intense heat, greater than or equal to 50 °C (122 °F). [16] The typical case is in a fire, however cones on the lower branches can open when temperatures reach 27 °C (81 °F) due to the heat being reflected off the ground. [17]
Overstory species include coulter pine, monterey pine, bishop pine, shore pine, and several endemic cypresses, species which generally rely on fire to open their cones and release seeds. Closed-cone forests often grow in low nutrient and/or stressed soils, which can lead to slow growth.
The cones are 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long, with prickles on the scales. [8] Many populations of the Rocky Mountain subspecies, P. contorta subsp. latifolia, have serotinous cones. This means that the cones are closed and must be exposed to high temperatures, such as from forest fires, in order to open and release their seeds. [14]
Jack Pine cones are serotinous. Serotiny is a seed dispersal strategy in which the dissemination of seeds is stimulated by external triggers (such as fires) rather than by natural maturation. [14] For serotinous plants, seeds are protected by woody structures during fires and will germinate after the fire.
Throughout the Appalachian Mountain range, P. pungens is a component of conifer-dominated communities along combination with other pine species. [10] The three tallest known Pinus pungens are in Paris Mountain State Park , South Carolina; they are 26.85 to 29.96 metres (88 ft 1 in to 98 ft 4 in) tall.