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  2. History of espionage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_espionage

    Hidden Secrets: A Complete History of Espionage and the Technology Used to Support It (2002) Polmar, Norman, and Thomas Allen. Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage (2nd ed. 2004) 752pp 2000+ entries online free to read; Richelson, Jeffery T. A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century (1997) Trahair, Richard and Robert L. Miller.

  3. Marcelle Ninio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelle_Ninio

    Spying for Israel Victorine Marcelle Ninio (5 November 1929 – 23 October 2019) was an Egyptian secretary and an Israeli spy who became involved in what was known as the Lavon affair . She served time in an Egyptian jail before she was released and she went to live in Israel.

  4. Category:Egyptian spies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Egyptian_spies

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Special pages; Pages for logged out editors learn more

  5. Lavon Affair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavon_Affair

    The Lavon affair was a failed Israeli covert operation, codenamed Operation Susannah, conducted in Egypt in the summer of 1954. As part of a false flag operation, [1] a group of Egyptian Jews were recruited by Israeli military intelligence to plant bombs inside Egyptian-, American-, and British-owned civilian targets: cinemas, libraries, and American educational centers.

  6. Ashraf Marwan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Marwan

    Mohamed Ashraf Abu El Wafa Marwan, [1] known as Ashraf Marwan (Arabic: أشرف مروان ‎ 2 February 1944 – 27 June 2007), was an Egyptian official who worked as a spy for the Israeli Mossad. From 1969 on, Marwan worked at the Presidential Office, first under Gamal Abdel Nasser and then as a close aide to his successor, Anwar Sadat .

  7. Security Intelligence Middle East - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Intelligence...

    Security Intelligence Middle East (SIME) (1912–1946) was an organisation made up of a number of British intelligence agencies supporting the British Military Government during the Second World War, based in Cairo, Egypt. It was composed of Security Service (MI5), with Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) provided by liaison officers and army ...

  8. Ilan Grapel affair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan_Grapel_affair

    The Ilan Grapel affair was an alleged Israeli espionage incident in Egypt involving dual U.S.-Israeli citizen Ilan Grapel. On 12 June 2011, Egyptian authorities arrested Grapel on charges of fomenting unrest in Egypt as a Mossad agent in the wake of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. Israel and Grapel's friends and family firmly rejected the charges ...

  9. History of surveillance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_surveillance

    In history, surveillance is often referred to as spying or espionage. Most often, surveillance historically occurred as a means to gather and collect information, supervise the actions of other people (usually enemies), and to use this information to increase ones understanding of the party being spied upon.