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The Anglo-Saxon lyre, also known as the Germanic lyre, a rotta, (Old Norse : Hörpu) [1] or the Viking lyre, is a large plucked and strummed lyre that was played in Anglo-Saxon England, and more widely, in Germanic regions of northwestern Europe. The oldest lyre found in England dates before 450 AD and the most recent dates to the 10th century.
The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. [5] In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern-Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. [6]
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
Long String Instrument, (by Ellen Fullman, strings are rubbed in, and vibrate in the longitudinal mode) Magnetic resonance piano , (strings activated by electromagnetic fields) Stringed instruments with keyboards
Five-string lyre from the Durham Cassiodorus, 8th-century A.D., England King David with his lyre, Vespasian Psalter, 8th century A.D. Kravic lyre, excavated at the Kravic farm in Numedal, Norway. Made of pine with seven strings. Woman with lyre, Germany circa 1125-1150, from the Zwiefalten Passionale: Monochord
In outline it resembles a large lute with a wide neck, and the seven strings of the lyre of the best period, or sometimes nine, following the “decadent lyre”. Most authors in reproducing these sculptures showing it represent the instrument as boat-shaped and without a neck, as, for instance, Carl Engel .
Cylix of Apollo with the chelys lyre, on a 5th-century BC drinking cup (). The chelys or chelus (Greek: χέλυς, Latin: testudo, both meaning "turtle" or "tortoise") was a stringed musical instrument, the common lyre of the ancient Greeks, which had a convex back of tortoiseshell or of wood shaped like the shell.
The cithara is said to have been the invention of Apollo, the god of music. [7] Apollo is often depicted playing a cithara instead of a lyre, often dressed in a kitharode ’s formal robes. Kitharoidos , or Citharoedus , is an epithet given to Apollo, which means "lyre-singer" or "one who sings to the lyre".
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