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The infinitely dense gravitational singularity found as time approaches an initial point in the Big Bang universe is an example of a physical paradox.. A common paradox occurs with mathematical idealizations such as point sources which describe physical phenomena well at distant or global scales but break down at the point itself.
A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. [1] [2] It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true or apparently true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion.
A bootstrap paradox, also known as an information loop, an information paradox, [6] an ontological paradox, [7] or a "predestination paradox" is a paradox of time travel that occurs when any event, such as an action, information, an object, or a person, ultimately causes itself, as a consequence of either retrocausality or time travel.
The von Neumann paradox is a two-dimensional version. Paradoxical set : A set that can be partitioned into two sets, each of which is equivalent to the original. Coastline paradox : the perimeter of a landmass is in general ill-defined.
This contradiction, as opposed to metaphysical thinking, is not an objectively impossible thing, because these contradicting forces exist in objective reality, not cancelling each other out, but actually defining each other's existence. According to Marxist theory, such a contradiction can be found, for example, in the fact that:
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 February 2025. Discrepancy of the lack of evidence for alien life despite its apparent likelihood This article is about the absence of clear evidence of extraterrestrial life. For a type of estimation problem, see Fermi problem. Enrico Fermi (Los Alamos 1945) The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy ...
The next thesis both abolishes and preserves the original thesis and the antithesis, an apparent contradiction which leads to difficulties in interpreting this concept (and to translate aufheben). In Hegel's logic self-contradiction is legitimate and necessary. For Hegel, history (like logic) proceeds in every small way through sublation.
Antinomy (Ancient Greek: antí 'against' + nómos 'law') refers to a real or apparent mutual incompatibility of two notions. [1] It is a term used in logic and epistemology, particularly in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. There are many examples of antinomy.