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Athletic trainer attending to a Portland Thorns player. The traditional setting for athletic trainers is embedded within a sports team. [7] [8] [9] In the United States, over 40% of athletic trainers work at an educational institution, including universities, secondary schools, and middle schools, providing health care to student athletes.
A personal trainer demonstrating use of a Bosu ball. A personal trainer is an individual who creates and delivers safe and effective exercise programs for healthy individuals and groups, or those with medical clearance to exercise. They motivate clients by collaborating to set goals, providing meaningful feedback, and by being a reliable source ...
The International Sports Sciences Association was founded in 1988, when, "recognizing the need for standardization and credibility, Dr. Sal Arria and Dr. Frederick Hatfield created a personal fitness training program to merge gym experience with practical and applied sciences."
In 2020, Wolf further developed the term together with Martijn de Groot in an article titled "A Conceptual Framework for Personal Science". [4] They defined personal science as "the practice of using empirical methods to explore personal questions". In a 2021 scientific article building on the previous ones, personal science is defined as: "the ...
Pilates was developed by Joseph Pilates from Mönchengladbach, Germany.His father was a gymnast and his mother a naturopath.. Pilates said that the inspiration for his method came to him during World War I, while he was being held at the Knockaloe internment camp in the Isle of Man. [9]
The multi-stage fitness test is also part of most health-related fitness test batteries for children and adolescents, such as Eurofit, [3] Alpha-fit, [3] FitnessGram [4] [3] and ASSOFTB. [ 5 ] The multi-stage fitness test was first described by Luc Léger [ 6 ] with the original 1-minute protocol, which starts at a speed of 8.5 km/h, and ...
Commercial elliptical trainer (rear drive version) Row of elliptical trainers at a gym ElliptiGO trainers are elliptical but not stationary. An elliptical trainer or cross-trainer is a stationary exercise machine used to stair climb, walk, or run without causing excessive pressure to the joints, hence decreasing the risk of impact injuries.
In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT, also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables.