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In the first step both numbers were divided by 10, which is a factor common to both 120 and 90. In the second step, they were divided by 3. The final result, 4 / 3 , is an irreducible fraction because 4 and 3 have no common factors other than 1.
The oldest and simplest method, known since antiquity as long multiplication or grade-school multiplication, consists of multiplying every digit in the first number by every digit in the second and adding the results. This has a time complexity of (), where n is the number of digits.
On a single-step or immediate-execution calculator, the user presses a key for each operation, calculating all the intermediate results, before the final value is shown. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] On an expression or formula calculator , one types in an expression and then presses a key, such as "=" or "Enter", to evaluate the expression.
Double each digit. Add half of its neighbor to the right (dropping decimals, if any). The neighbor of the units position is 0. If the base-digit is even add 0 otherwise add 5. Add in any carryover from the previous step. Example: 693 × 7 = 4,851 Working from right to left: (3×2) + 0 + 5 + 0 = 11 = carryover 1, result 1.
The grid method (also known as the box method) of multiplication is an introductory approach to multi-digit multiplication calculations that involve numbers larger than ten. Because it is often taught in mathematics education at the level of primary school or elementary school , this algorithm is sometimes called the grammar school method.
The carry step of the multiplication can be performed at the final stage of the calculation (in bold), returning the final product of 45 × 256 = 11520. This is a variant of Lattice multiplication . The modern method of multiplication based on the Hindu–Arabic numeral system was first described by Brahmagupta .
36 represented in chisanbop, where four fingers and a thumb are touching the table and the rest of the digits are raised. The three fingers on the left hand represent 10+10+10 = 30; the thumb and one finger on the right hand represent 5+1=6. Counting from 1 to 20 in Chisanbop. Each finger has a value of one, while the thumb has a value of five.
The same is done for each digit of the multiplicand and the result in each case is shifted one position to the left. As a final step, all the individual products are added to arrive at the total product of the two multi-digit numbers. [69] Other techniques used for multiplication are the grid method and the lattice method. [70]