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Bremsstrahlung produced by a high-energy electron deflected in the electric field of an atomic nucleus. In particle physics, bremsstrahlung / ˈ b r ɛ m ʃ t r ɑː l ə ŋ / [1] (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁɛms.ʃtʁaːlʊŋ] ⓘ; from German bremsen 'to brake' and Strahlung 'radiation') is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by ...
The Wood–Neumann scale was revised in 1956 by Charles Francis Richter and published in his influential textbook Elementary Seismology. [11] Not wanting to have this intensity scale confused with the Richter scale he had developed, he proposed calling it the "modified Mercalli scale of 1956" (MM56). [8]
[4]: 12-11 [5]: 359 The fundamental theories for forces developed from the unification of different ideas. For example, Newton's universal theory of gravitation showed that the force responsible for objects falling near the surface of the Earth is also the force responsible for the falling of celestial bodies about the Earth (the Moon ) and ...
BR Standard Class 4 2-6-4T engine no. 80118 at Guisborough railway station, 1950s. On the decision to build the BR standard series of locomotives, a series of class four tank engines was ordered, based on the ex-LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T with some modifications.
In modern physics, the double-slit experiment demonstrates that light and matter can exhibit behavior of both classical particles and classical waves.This type of experiment was first performed by Thomas Young in 1801, as a demonstration of the wave behavior of visible light. [1]
2.6, 2.8, 2.9, and 2.9 Cosworth. Most of these were RWD car engines. Some had the same Mitsubishi manual transmission as the 2.0/2.3 but had different bellhousings. The 2.3, 2.8, and 2.9 also made it into the Ranger, and Bronco II. 4.0L was produced by Ford Cologne Germany (like the unrelated and the all-new metric Taurus/Sable FWD 3.0 V6).
Ultra-high vacuum chambers, common in chemistry, physics, and engineering, operate below one trillionth (10 −12) of atmospheric pressure (100 nPa), and can reach around 100 particles/cm 3. [4] Outer space is an even higher-quality vacuum, with the equivalent of just a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter on average in intergalactic space.
John Charlton Polkinghorne KBE FRS (16 October 1930 – 9 March 2021) was an English theoretical physicist, theologian, and Anglican priest. [10] A prominent and leading voice explaining the relationship between science and religion, he was professor of mathematical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1968 to 1979, when he resigned his chair to study for the priesthood, becoming an ...