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Cognitive science and linguistic theory have played an important role in providing empirical research into the writing process and serving the teaching of composition. As for composition theories, there is some dispute concerning the appropriateness of tying these two schools of thought together into one theory of composition.
[4] [3] Together, they developed a cognitive model of the writing process. [5] This model prompted discussions of cognitive rhetoric and its role with social constructivism and meaning making processes, including critiques from Patricia Bizzell and Martin Nystrand. [6] [7] [8] Flower went on to serve in multiple roles promoting the study of ...
While like expressivists in their greater concern with the process of writing than with the final product, distinguishing them from the essay-driven pedagogy of current-traditional rhetoric, cognitivism proposes a more scientific approach by studying universal cognitive faculties of the mind in order to better understand the composition process.
The process theory of composition (hereafter referred to as "process") is a field of composition studies that focuses on writing as a process rather than a product. Based on Janet Emig's breakdown of the writing process, [1] the process is centered on the idea that students determine the content of the course by exploring the craft of writing using their own interests, language, techniques ...
A writing process is a set of mental and physical steps that someone takes to create any type of text. Almost always, these activities require inscription equipment, either digital or physical: chisels, pencils, brushes, chalk, dyes, keyboards, touchscreens, etc.; each of these tools has unique affordances that influence writers' workflows. [1]
Building upon cognitive theories of transactional and experiential learning by John Dewey and Jean Piaget, Emig's contribution to cognitive rhetoric is her differentiation between speech acts and writing acts. Because speaking and writing are different ways of performing linguistic functions, Emig argues that the process of speaking and the ...
The cognitive approach can meet these needs because it emphasizes the steps, organization, and process of writing. Another approach is the social view which shows the importance of teaching writing by making students learn the different languages of discourse communities.
Janet Emig (born October 12, 1928 in Cincinnati, Ohio) was an American composition scholar. She is known for her groundbreaking 1971 study The Composing Process of Twelfth Graders (National Council of Teachers of English Research Report No. 13), which contributed to the development of the process theory of composition.