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The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and Turkey is a party to the European Convention on Human Rights. [136] Turkey has a democratic government and a strong tradition of secularism. Nevertheless, the Turkish state's interpretation of secularism has reportedly resulted in religious freedom violations for some of its non-Muslim ...
The word "Tengrism" is a fairly new term. The spelling Tengrism for the religion of the ancient Turks is found in the works of the 19th century Kazakh ethnographer Shoqan Walikhanov. [17] The term was introduced into a wide scientific circulation in 1956 by Jean-Paul Roux [18] and later in the 1960s as a general term of English-language papers ...
Based on geographic variants, the ethnic Turks speak various dialects of the Turkish language. As of 2021, Turkish remains "the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people". [299] Historically, Ottoman Turkish was the official language and lingua franca throughout the Ottoman territories and the Ottoman Turkish ...
العربية; Aragonés; Azərbaycanca; বাংলা; Беларуская; Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български; Bosanski
Islam is the most practiced religion in Turkey. Most Turkish Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the later half of the 11th century, when the Seljuks started expanding into eastern Anatolia .
Turkish Siyah Qalam. A depiction of dancing divs (fiends) Az – Demon of Greed (or Lust), mentioned in Turk Manichaen sources. [14] Asurı, a chaos creating being, titan. [15] Azāzīl – a being mentioned in some Turkish Sufi texts who was once the executioner of God, but fell from grace when he refused to bow before mankind. Similar to Satan.
In Christian Turkish usage Tengri is used for the father of Jesus, who is referred to as "Tengri Oghli" (Son of God) and "Mshikha Tengri" (Messiah God). Tengri is also compared to Allah and Khuda. Apart from foreign religious influences, as far as known today, the original Turkish concept of Tengri was that of "heaven" or a spirit ruling in heaven.
The official language is Turkish, which is the most widely spoken Turkic language in the world. [406] [407] It is spoken by 85% [408] [409] to 90% [410] of the population as a first language. Kurdish speakers are the largest linguistic minority. [410] A survey estimated 13% of the population speak Kurdish or Zaza as a first language. [408]