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Spektrum is a brand of radio control systems designed for use with hobby radio-controlled cars and aircraft. Spektrum is a division of Horizon Hobby . The R/C hobby in the United States, Japan, and Europe typically used to employ FM radio control in HF and VHF bands such as 27 MHz, 35 MHz, 49 MHz, and 72 MHz.
The receiver correlates the received signals to retrieve the original information signal. Originally there were two motivations: either to resist enemy efforts to jam the communications (anti-jam, or AJ), or to hide the fact that communication was even taking place, sometimes called low probability of intercept (LPI).
The sub-receiver tunes between 118 and 174 MHz, and from 220 to 512 MHz (VFO ranges). [ 28 ] The radio's main receiver uses DSP at the IF level, so a very flexible selection of bandwidths are available without the purchase of mechanical filters, as was necessary on past radios.
An RF receiver module receives the modulated RF signal, and demodulates it. There are two types of RF receiver modules: superheterodyne receivers and superregenerative receivers . Superregenerative modules are usually low cost and low power designs using a series of amplifiers to extract modulated data from a carrier wave.
The receivers were tuned at the pilot's control box by electrical cables and long mechanical tuning shafts, allowing remote control of power, mode, frequency, and volume. AN/ARC-5 set composition and control differed markedly from the earlier systems. Three-unit receiver racks were still predominant, but the receiver line-up was quite different.
The most basic radio-navigational aid used in aviation is the non-directional beacon or NDB. It is a simple low- and medium-frequency transmitter used to locate airway intersections and airports and to conduct instrument approaches, with the use of a radio direction finder located on the aircraft.
If the transmission is temporarily interrupted, or a bit slip event occurs, the receiver must re-synchronize. Frame synchronized PCM stream — telemetry application. The transmitter and the receiver must agree ahead of time on which frame synchronization scheme they will use. Common frame synchronization schemes are: Framing bit
The phase-locked loops in the receiver acquired the transmitted carrier, telemetry subcarrier, and code clock components almost instantaneously for the signal-to-noise ratios predicted to exist at maximum Apollo range and for a radial space-vehicle velocity of 36,000 ft/sec. Range code correlation generally took only a few seconds. [3]
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