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Sputnik 1. Sputnik (Спутник, Russian for "satellite" [1]) is a name for multiple spacecraft launched under the Soviet space program."Sputnik 1", "Sputnik 2" and "Sputnik 3" were the official Soviet names of those objects, and the remaining designations in the series ("Sputnik 4" and so on) were not official names but names applied in the West to objects whose original Soviet names may ...
Soyuz (Russian: Союз, IPA:, lit. 'Union') is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia).
The theory of space exploration had a solid basis in the Russian Empire before the First World War with the writings of the Russian and Soviet rocket scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), who published pioneering papers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries on astronautic theory, including calculating the Rocket equation and in 1929 introduced the concept of the multistaged rocket.
The Soyuz programme (/ ˈ s ɔɪ juː z / SOY-yooz, / ˈ s ɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз, meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon . [ 1 ]
This is a list of crewed and uncrewed flights of Soyuz series spacecraft. The Soyuz programme is an ongoing human spaceflight programme which was initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union. A German V-2 became the first spacecraft when it reached an altitude of 189 km in June 1944 in Peenemünde, Germany. [11] Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit (LEO) by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957.
The satellite and rocket carrying Luna 1 was originally referred to as the Soviet Space Rocket by the Soviet Press. [1] Pravda writer Alexander Kazantsev called it Mechta (Russian: Мечта, meaning 'dream'). [7] [8] Citizens of Moscow unofficially deemed it Lunik, a combination of Luna (Moon) and Sputnik. [7] It was renamed to Luna 1 in 1963 ...
Kosmos (Russian: Ко́смос, IPA:, [1] meaning "(outer) space" or "Kosmos") is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1 , the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.