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Included structure based sequence alignment (SBSA) algorithm uses a novel suboptimal version of the Needleman-Wunsch global sequence alignment method that fully accounts for secondary structure in the template and query. It also uses two separate substitution matrices optimized for RNA helices and single stranded regions.
Whereas the methods above describe various sequencing methods, separate related terms are used when a large portion of a genome is sequenced. Several platforms were developed to perform exome sequencing (a subset of all DNA across all chromosomes that encode genes) or whole genome sequencing (sequencing of the all nuclear DNA of a human).
These methods have reduced the cost from $0.01/base in 2004 to nearly $0.0001/base in 2006 and increased the sequencing capacity from 1,000,000 bases/machine/day in 2004 to more than 100,000,000 bases/machine/day in 2006. 2-base encoding is based on ligation sequencing rather than sequencing by synthesis. [1]
Traditional sequencing analysis focused on the statistical parameters of the nucleotide sequence itself (The most common programs used are listed in Table 4.1). Another method is to identify homologous sequences based on other known gene sequences (Tools see Table 4.3). [39] The two methods described here are focused on the sequence.
Alignment-free methods can broadly be classified into five categories: a) methods based on k-mer/word frequency, b) methods based on the length of common substrings, c) methods based on the number of (spaced) word matches, d) methods based on micro-alignments, e) methods based on information theory and f) methods based on graphical representation.
3' mRNA-seq is a quantitative, genome-wide transcriptomic technique based on the barcoding of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA molecules. Unlike standard bulk RNA-seq, where short sequencing reads are generated along the entire length of mRNA transcripts, only the 3' end of polyadenylated RNAs are sequenced in 3' mRNA-seq.
CITE-Seq (Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing) is a method for performing RNA sequencing along with gaining quantitative and qualitative information on surface proteins with available antibodies on a single cell level. [1]
An alpha-helix with hydrogen bonds (yellow dots) The α-helix is the most abundant type of secondary structure in proteins. The α-helix has 3.6 amino acids per turn with an H-bond formed between every fourth residue; the average length is 10 amino acids (3 turns) or 10 Å but varies from 5 to 40 (1.5 to 11 turns).