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Design was theoretically described in 1997 by Shnirman, [11] while the evidence of quantum coherence of the charge in a Cooper pair box was published in February 1997 by Vincent Bouchiat et al. [12] In 1999, coherent oscillations in the charge Qubit were first observed by Nakamura et al. [13] Manipulation of the quantum states and full ...
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The Cooper pair state is responsible for superconductivity, as described in the BCS theory developed by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer for which they shared the 1972 Nobel Prize. [2] Although Cooper pairing is a quantum effect, the reason for the pairing can be seen from a simplified classical explanation.
In computing, the producer-consumer problem (also known as the bounded-buffer problem) is a family of problems described by Edsger W. Dijkstra since 1965.. Dijkstra found the solution for the producer-consumer problem as he worked as a consultant for the Electrologica X1 and X8 computers: "The first use of producer-consumer was partly software, partly hardware: The component taking care of the ...
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In physics, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer) is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's 1911 discovery. The theory describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of Cooper pairs.
For a given problem, average-case hardness implies worst-case hardness, so an average-case hardness assumption is stronger than a worst-case hardness assumption for the same problem. Furthermore, even for incomparable problems, an assumption like the Exponential Time Hypothesis is often considered preferable to an average-case assumption like ...
Any linear-fractional program can be transformed into a linear program, assuming that the feasible region is non-empty and bounded, using the Charnes-Cooper transformation. [1] The main idea is to introduce a new non-negative variable t {\displaystyle t} to the program which will be used to rescale the constants involved in the program ( α ...