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Some lesser known uses are as a means of high-dose estrogen therapy in the treatment of breast cancer in both women and men and in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. [22] [23] It has been used at a dosage of 2.5 mg three times per day (7.5 mg/day total) for prostate cancer. [24] [25]
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Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEs/MPA), sold under the brand names Prempro and Premphase, is a combination product of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), an estrogen collected from horse urine, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), a progestogen, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
Atypical (dual estrogen and nitrogen mustard alkylating antineoplastic): Estramustine phosphate sodium (Emcyt) – 140 mg Oral estradiol valerate (except in combination with dienogest as an oral contraceptive) is not available in the U.S. and is used primarily in Europe.
Sodium tallowate is a common soap ingredient derived from tallow—the fat of animals such as cattle and sheep. [31] A popular alternative to this ingredient is sodium palmate, which is derived from palm oil. [32] Soap is a pharmaceutical according to the United States Food and Drug Administration. [33]
There is no single definition for the term bioidentical hormone replacement therapy; it is generally used to refer to 17β-estradiol, but other uses include plant-based or compounded estrogen products that blend estradiol with estriol and sometimes with estrone. [9]
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
Hippulin, also known as Δ 8-14-isoestrone, as well as 14-isoestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-3-ol-17-one, is a naturally occurring estrogen found in horses and an isomer of equilin.