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To prevent the development of H. pylori-related diseases when infection is suspected, antibiotic-based therapy regimens are recommended to eradicate the bacteria. [46] When successful the disease progression is halted. First line therapy is recommended if low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma is diagnosed, regardless of evidence of H. pylori.
Gastritis caused by H. pylori infection is termed Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis, and listed as a disease in ICD11. [6] [7] More than 80% of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic and it has been postulated that it may play an important role in the natural stomach ecology. [17]
H. pylori can be diagnosed by testing the blood for antibodies, a urea breath test, testing the stool for signs of the bacteria, or a biopsy of the stomach. [1] Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include stomach cancer , coronary heart disease , and inflammation of the stomach lining or gallbladder inflammation .
Recent research has shown that autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a result of the immune system attacking the parietal cells. [6]Environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis (EMAG) is due to environmental factors, such as diet and H. pylori infection.
These infections can include Helicobacter pylori due to this species not favouring an acid environment, leading to an increased risk of ulcers and gastric cancer risk in genetically susceptible patients. [50] PPI use in people who have received attempted H. pylori eradication may also be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. [51]
The success of H. pylori cure depends on the type and duration of therapy, patient compliance and bacterial factors such as antibiotic resistance. Patients most often fail to respond to initial H. pylori eradication therapy because of noncompliance or antibiotic resistance. Patients should be queried about any side effects, missed doses, and ...
First report of resistance of H. pylori to the antibiotic metronidazole. [52] Resistance of H. pylori to treatment will lead to the development of many different antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor regimens for eradication. [53] 1992 Fukuda et al. prove ingestion of H. pylori causes gastritis in rhesus monkeys. [4]
The eradication of H. pylori can lead to an increase in acid secretion, [40] leading to the question of whether H. pylori-infected GERD patients are any different from non-infected GERD patients. A double-blind study, reported in 2004, found no clinically significant difference between these two types of patients with regard to the subjective ...