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In statistics, an ogive, also known as a cumulative frequency polygon, can refer to one of two things: any hand-drawn graphic of a cumulative distribution function [ 1 ] any empirical cumulative distribution function.
A histogram is a representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles or squares (in some of situations), erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area proportional to the frequency of the observations in the interval. The height of a rectangle is also equal to the frequency density of the interval, i.e., the frequency ...
Cumulative frequency distribution, adapted cumulative probability distribution, and confidence intervals. Cumulative frequency analysis is the analysis of the frequency of occurrence of values of a phenomenon less than a reference value. The phenomenon may be time- or space-dependent. Cumulative frequency is also called frequency of non-exceedance.
Pearson himself noted in 1895 that although the term "histogram" was new, the type of graph it designates was "a common form of graphical representation". [5] In fact the technique of using a bar graph to represent statistical measurements was devised by the Scottish economist, William Playfair, in his Commercial and political atlas (1786). [4]
Considerations of the shape of a distribution arise in statistical data analysis, where simple quantitative descriptive statistics and plotting techniques such as histograms can lead on to the selection of a particular family of distributions for modelling purposes. The normal distribution, often called the "bell curve" Exponential distribution
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century.
Nichols plot : This is a graph used in signal processing in which the logarithm of the magnitude is plotted against the phase of a frequency response on orthogonal axes. Normal probability plot : The normal probability plot is a graphical technique for assessing whether or not a data set is approximately normally distributed .
Simple example of a Pareto chart using hypothetical data showing the relative frequency of reasons for arriving late at work. A Pareto chart is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.