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The general structure of a phosphite ester showing the lone pairs on the P. In organic chemistry, a phosphite ester or organophosphite usually refers to an organophosphorous compound with the formula P(OR) 3. They can be considered as esters of an unobserved tautomer phosphorous acid, H 3 PO 3, with the simplest example being trimethylphosphite ...
Various specialised methods have been developed on the laboratory-scale for scientific investigations. These are rarely employed in bulk manufacturing. Examples include the Atherton-Todd reaction, which converts a dialkyl phosphite to a phosphoryl chloride. This can then react with an alcohol to give an organophosphate and HCl.
An example of an ester formation is the substitution reaction between a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) and an alcohol (R'OH), forming an ester (R−C(=O)−O−R'), where R and R′ are organyl groups, or H in the case of esters of formic acid.
Organophosphorus chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organophosphorus compounds, which are organic compounds containing phosphorus. [1] They are used primarily in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment.
Since orthophosphoric acid has three −OH groups, it can esterify with one, two, or three alcohol molecules to form a mono-, di-, or triester. See the general structure image of an ortho- (or mono-) phosphate ester below on the left, where any of the R groups can be a hydrogen or an organic radical. Di- and tripoly- (or tri-) phosphate esters ...
Diethyl phosphite hydrolyzes to give phosphorous acid. Hydrogen chloride accelerates this conversion.: [2] Diethyl phosphite undergoes transesterification upon treating with an alcohol. For alcohols of high boiling points, the conversion can be driven by removal of ethanol: [8] (C 2 H 5 O) 2 P(O)H + 2 ROH → (RO) 2 P(O)H + 2 C 2 H 5 OH
They are esters of phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 and corresponding alcohol. For example, the formula of methyl phosphate is CH 3-H 2 PO 4, dimethyl phosphate – (CH 3) 2 HPO 4 and trimethyl phosphate – (CH 3) 3 PO 4. Alkyl phosphates are widely distributed in nature, and form the basis of most biological processes.
The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction is the chemical reaction of a trivalent phosphorus ester with an alkyl halide to form a pentavalent phosphorus species and another alkyl halide. Commonly, the phosphorus substrate is a phosphite ester (P(OR) 3) and the alkylating agent is an alkyl iodide. [11] The mechanism of the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction