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His writings are fundamental to historical comparativism, because Old Bulgarian is the fourth classical and medieval literary language (see trilingual heresy). Stefan Mladenov made a special contribution to clarifying the historical influence of the Bulgarian language and to the emergence of languages from the Balkan Linguistic Union.
The history of the Bulgarian language can be divided into three major periods: Old Bulgarian (from the late 9th until the 11th century); Middle Bulgarian (from the 12th century to the 15th century); Modern Bulgarian (since the 16th century). Bulgarian is a written South Slavic language that dates back to the end of the 9th century.
The literature produced in the Old Bulgarian language soon spread north and became the lingua franca of the Balkans and Eastern Europe. [334] [335] Bulgarian scholars and works influenced most of the Slavic world, including Kievan Rus', medieval Serbia, and medieval Croatia, as well as the non-Slavic medieval Wallachia and Moldavia.
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The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011) excerpt and text search; complete text Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine; Crampton, R.J. Bulgaria (Oxford History of Modern Europe) (1990) excerpt and text search; also complete text online. Crampton, R.J. A Concise History of Bulgaria (2005) excerpt and ...
Krum was originally a Bulgar chieftain in Pannonia. [citation needed] His background and the events around his accession as Khan of Bulgaria are unknown. [3]It has been speculated that he was a descendant of Khan Kubrat (c. 632–665) and that his rule marked the return of the Dulo clan, the first dynasty of Bulgaria.
Middle Bulgarian (Bulgarian: среднобългарски) was the lingua franca and the most widely spoken language of the Second Bulgarian Empire. Being descended from Old Bulgarian , Middle Bulgarian eventually developed into the modern Bulgarian language by the 16th century.
The early Cyrillic alphabet from the 9th century, developed in the First Bulgarian Empire, contained 44 letters for 44 sounds. However, by the 19th century, the Bulgarian sound system had reduced its size, which would necessitate reforms. [1] Formally, people would still write the language with the Church Slavonic writing system.