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Twin studies provide a unique opportunity to explore the genetic and environmental influences on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By studying identical twins, who share identical DNA, and fraternal twins, who share about half of their DNA, researchers can estimate the heritability of autism by comparing the rates of when one twin is diagnosed with autism while the other is not in identical vs ...
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Among children, the cause of intellectual disability is unknown for one-third to one-half of cases. [11] About 5% of cases are inherited. [12] Genetic defects that cause intellectual disability, but are not inherited, can be caused by accidents or mutations in genetic ...
X-linked intellectual disability refers to medical disorders associated with X-linked recessive inheritance that result in intellectual disability. As with most X-linked disorders, males are more heavily affected than females. [1] Females with one affected X chromosome and one normal X chromosome tend to have milder symptoms.
The mutations themselves are characterized by considerable variability in clinical outcome and typically only a subset of mutation carriers meet criteria for autism. This variable expressivity results in different individuals with the same mutation varying considerably in the severity of their observed particular trait. [38]
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
Most autistic children displayed moderately less attachment security than neurotypical children, although this difference disappears in children with higher mental development or less pronounced autistic traits. [24] Children with high-functioning autism have more intense and frequent loneliness compared to non-autistic peers, despite the ...
For example, suntanned skin derives from the interaction between a person's genotype and sunlight; [4] thus, suntans are not passed on to people's children. However, some people tan more easily than others, due to differences in their genotype: [ 5 ] a striking example is people with the inherited trait of albinism , who do not tan at all and ...