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Twelve-step programs are international mutual aid programs supporting recovery from substance addictions, behavioral addictions and compulsions. Developed in the 1930s, the first twelve-step program, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), founded by Bill Wilson and Bob Smith , aided its membership to overcome alcoholism . [ 1 ]
Tony A. began working on a version of the 12 steps specifically for adult children of alcoholics, and published them in his 1991 book, The Laundry List: The ACOA Experience that he wrote with Dan F. [6] Currently, ACA allows use of Tony A.'s 12 steps [3] in addition to the AA-based 12 steps formally in ACA-approved literature.
Celebrate Recovery (CR) – Celebrate recovery is a recovery program for any life problem, including addiction to alcohol and other drugs. In contrast to most 12-step programs, the group recognizes Jesus Christ as their higher power. Their groups are located in the United States.
In general medicine and psychiatry, recovery has long been used to refer to the end of a particular experience or episode of illness.The broader concept of "recovery" as a general philosophy and model was first popularized in regard to recovery from substance abuse/drug addiction, for example within twelve-step programs or the California Sober method.
Although AA claims that spirituality is the primary mechanism for achieving change and recovery, there is growing evidence that suggests this is only true for a minority of AA attendees with a high addiction severity. [118] [119] Instead, AA's beneficial effects are carried predominantly by social, cognitive and affective mechanisms. [120]
According to Ewert, McCormick, and Voight, adventure therapy uses outdoor activities that involve some elements of adventure (such as perceived risk, actual risk, or uncertainty), and outdoor experiential therapy programs are "wilderness therapy" if they take place in any outdoor setting (although usually, programs using this term take place in ...
This has provided key insights on the underlying mechanisms of addiction, including substance use and non-substance (behavioral) addictions. [15] Addiction hijacks the brain’s reward system, which normally encourages individuals to engage in survival-related activities such as socializing, eating, or achieving goals. Substances or specific ...
In the DSM-5, the term drug addiction is synonymous with severe substance use disorder. [ 34 ] [ 39 ] The quantity of criteria met offer a rough gauge on the severity of illness, but licensed professionals will also take into account a more holistic view when assessing severity which includes specific consequences and behavioral patterns ...