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Early designs of perpetual motion machines were done by Indian mathematician–astronomer Bhaskara II, who described a wheel (Bhāskara's wheel) that he claimed would run forever. [2] A drawing of a perpetual motion machine appeared in the sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt, a 13th-century French master mason and architect.
The wheel consisted of curved or tilted spokes partially filled with mercury. [1] Once in motion, the mercury would flow from one side of the spoke to another, thus forcing the wheel to continue motion, in constant dynamic equilibrium. Like all perpetual-motion machines, Bhaskara's wheel is a long-discredited mechanism.
The name zoetrope was composed from the Greek root words ζωή zoe, "life" and τρόπος tropos, "turning" as a translation of "wheel of life". The term soetrope was coined by inventor William E. Lincoln. [1]
nom de plume – coined in the 19th century in English, on the pattern of nom de guerre, which is an actual French expression, where "nom de plume" is not. [1] Since the 1970s, [ 2 ] nom de plume is accepted as a valid French expression [ 3 ] even if some authors view it as a calque of pen name .
Roulette (named after the French word meaning "little wheel") is a casino game which was likely developed from the Italian game Biribi. In the game, a player may choose to place a bet on a single number, various groupings of numbers, the color red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the number is high or low.
"Today, parents are looking for freshness, so the hot new names tend to break away from that mold," says Wattenberg. "Elodie, Sylvie and Margot are all rising fast." 100 French baby girl names
After electric generators were developed in the late 1800s, turbines were a natural source of generator power where potential hydropower sources existed. In 1826 the French engineer Benoit Fourneyron developed a high-efficiency (80%) outward-flow water turbine. Water was directed tangentially through the turbine runner, causing it to spin.
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