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The ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is a set of diagnosis codes used in the United States of America. [1] It was developed by a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human services, [2] as an adaption of the ICD-10 with authorization from the World Health Organization.
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Adoption of ICD-10-CM was slow in the United States. Since 1979, the US had required ICD-9-CM codes [11] for Medicare and Medicaid claims, and most of the rest of the American medical industry followed suit. On 1 January 1999 the ICD-10 (without clinical extensions) was adopted for reporting mortality, but ICD-9-CM was still used for morbidity ...
ICD-9-CM: Volumes 1 and 2 only. Volume 3 contains Procedure codes: ICD-10: The international standard since about 1998 ICPC-2: Also includes reasons for encounter (RFE), procedure codes and process of care International Classification of Sleep Disorders: NANDA: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Primarily psychiatric disorders
A primary care (e.g. general or family physician) version of the mental disorder section of ICD-10 has been developed (ICD-10-PHC) which has also been used quite extensively internationally. [22] A survey of journal articles indexed in various biomedical databases between 1980 and 2005 indicated that 15,743 referred to the DSM and 3,106 to the ICD.
WHO Member states began using the ICD-10 classification system from 1994 for both morbidity and mortality reporting. The exception was the US, who only began using it for reporting mortality in 1999 whilst continuing to use ICD-9-CM for morbidity reporting. The US only adopted its version of ICD-10 in October 2015.
CPT coding is similar to ICD-10-CM coding, except that it identifies the services rendered, rather than the diagnosis on the claim. Whilst the ICD-10-PCS codes also contains procedure codes, those are only used in the inpatient setting. [5]
Since 1980, every code that has been listed in the DSM has been an ICD-9 code. However, DSM-5, unlike previous versions of DSM, contains both ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. [16] [17] Though recent editions of the DSM and ICD have become more similar due to collaborative agreements, each one contains information absent from the other. [18]