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Standard High German (SHG), [3] less precisely Standard German or High German [a] (German: Standardhochdeutsch, Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch or, in Switzerland, Schriftdeutsch), is the umbrella term for the standardized varieties of the German language, which are used in formal contexts and for communication between different dialect areas.
German is thus considered a pluricentric language, with currently three national standard varieties of German: Standard German German, Standard Austrian German and Standard Swiss German. In comparison to other European languages (e.g. Portuguese, English), the multi-standard character of German is still not widely acknowledged. [ 74 ]
A German Standard German speaker, recorded in South Africa. German Standard German, [1] [2] Standard German of Germany, [3] [4] or High German of Germany, [5] is the variety of Standard German that is written and spoken in Germany. [1] [2] [6] It is the variety of German most commonly taught to
These countries (with the addition of South Tyrol of Italy) also form the Council for German Orthography and are referred to as the German Sprachraum (German language area). Since 2004, Meetings of German-speaking countries have been held annually with six participants: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Switzerland: [ 1 ]
Swiss Standard German [1] [2] [3] (SSG; German: Schweizer Standarddeutsch), [4] or Swiss High German [5] [6] [7] [note 1] (German: Schweizer Hochdeutsch [8] or Schweizerhochdeutsch [9]; Romansh: Svizzers Alt Tudestg), referred to by the Swiss as Schriftdeutsch, or German: Hochdeutsch, is the written form of one of four national languages in Switzerland, besides French, Italian, and Romansh. [10]
One of the major languages of the world, German is the first language of almost 100 million people worldwide and the most widely spoken native language in the European Union. [1] Together with French , German is the second most commonly spoken foreign language in the EU after English, making it the second biggest language in the EU in terms of ...
Besides German and English, many immigrant languages are spoken due to historical migration waves. These figures are based on data from the 2023 microcensus conducted by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. Based on language family and population, these languages are: Afro-Asiatic language Family. Arabic: Approximately 1,462,000 speakers.
In the United Kingdom, the standard language is British English, which is based upon the language of the medieval court of Chancery of England and Wales. [48] In the late-seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Standard English became established as the linguistic norm of the upper class, composed of the peerage and the gentry. [49]