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A certified pre-owned car or CPO [citation needed] is a type of used car.It is also used in references to guns and phones. The term "certified pre-owned was conceived by corporations [citation needed] in order to find a more favorable alternative to marketing products as 'used,' which causes purchasers to impose their cognitive biases associated with 'used' items onto prospective purchases.
However, the concept has been used in practice in a broader sense, which includes self-certified certificates of origin as well (e.g., in NAFTA). [2] Taking into account this fact, the International Chamber of Commerce provides a simpler and more comprehensive definition which covers both self-certification and authorized certification: [3]
The two terms have a specific meaning in commercial law and cannot be altered. But the FOB terms do not need to be used, and often are not. In this case the specific terms of the agreement can vary widely, in particular which party, buyer or seller, pays for the loading costs and shipment costs, and/or where responsibility for the goods is ...
The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. [1] Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various ...
A proof of delivery (POD) is a document that substantiates that goods have been delivered to their intended recipient. [1] For example, a POD can establish that carrier has satisfied its terms of a contract of carriage for cargo by confirmation of delivery to the recipient or consignee.
Certified mail may be selected for many reasons, not just for important business mailings. It is used by anyone who needs or wishes to provide a tracking number to the receiver as proof of delivery. It can also substitute, essentially, a proof of mailing form when a Postmark and/or scanned receipt is obtained at a Post Office.
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A commercial invoice is used to calculate tariffs, international commercial terms, and is commonly used for customs purposes. Commercial Invoices are generally not needed for shipments between EU Countries—just between EU Countries and non-EU Countries. [3] Commercial invoices in European countries are not normally for payment.