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The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes spanning the Canada–United States border.The five lakes are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario (though hydrologically, Michigan and Huron are a single body of water; they are joined by the Straits of Mackinac).
Lake Agassiz (/ ˈ æ ɡ ə s i / AG-ə-see) was a large proglacial lake that existed in central North America during the late Pleistocene, fed by meltwater from the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial period. At its peak, the lake's area was larger than all of the modern Great Lakes combined. [2]
The map of North America with the Western Interior Seaway during the Campanian. The Western Interior Seaway (also called the Cretaceous Seaway, the Niobraran Sea, the North American Inland Sea, or the Western Interior Sea) was a large inland sea that split the continent of North America into two landmasses for 34 million years.
Around 9,000 years BC, as the ice sheet retreated, the modern Lakes Huron, Michigan, and much of Superior, were a single lake known to geologists as Lake Algonquin. Ice sheets dammed Lake Algonquin to the northeast. [7] Before that, Lake Chicago occupied the southern tip of the Lake Michigan basin, at the southern end of the ice sheet.
Lake Erie (/ ˈ ɪr i / EER-ee) is the fourth-largest lake by surface area of the five Great Lakes in North America and the eleventh-largest globally. [6] [10] It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes [11] [12] and also has the shortest average water residence time. At its deepest point, Lake Erie is 210 ...
American limnologist J. Val Klump was the first person to reach the lowest depth of Lake Superior on July 30, 1985, as part of a scientific expedition, which at 122 fathoms 1 foot (733 ft or 223 m) below sea level is the second-lowest spot in the continental interior of the United States and the third-lowest spot in the interior of the North ...
The lake level remained at 640' above sea level, [3] but the ice margin was a third of the way north, opening a channel across Michigan, draining the Lake Saginaw and Lake Whittlesey proglacial lakes in the Lake Huron and Lake Erie basins. [4] Map of Glacial Lakes Duluth, Chicago, and Lundy (USGS 1915), the Chicago Outlet is lower left
Larsen CE. 1987. Geological history of glacial Lake Algonquin and the Upper Great Lakes. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1801. 36 pp. Lewis CFM, Cameron GDM, Anderson TW, Heil CW Jr, Gareau PL. 2012. Lake levels in the Erie Basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Journal of Paleolimnology 47:493-511. Sears PB. 1942. Xerothermic theory.