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People of German ancestry fought on both sides in the American Revolution. Many of the small German states in Europe supported the British. King George III of Britain was simultaneously the ruler of the German state of Hanover. Around 30,000 Germans fought for the British during the war, around 25% of British land forces. [1]
Texas Germans (German: Texas-Deutsche) are descendants of Germans who settled in Texas since the 1830s. The arriving Germans tended to cluster in ethnic enclaves ; the majority settled in a broad, fragmented belt across the south-central part of the state, where many became farmers. [ 1 ]
German Texans have historically played a role in history of the U.S. state of Texas. Texans of German birth or descent have, since the mid-19th century, made up one of the largest ethnic groups in the state. By 1850, they numbered 5% of the total population—a conservative count.
Logo of Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas. The Mainzer Adelsverein at Biebrich am Rhein (Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas; "Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas"), better known as the Mainzer Adelsverein (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪntsɐ ˈʔaːdl̩sfɛʁˌʔaɪn]; "Nobility Society of Mainz"), organized on April 20, 1842, was a colonial ...
The Germans, comprising Lutherans, Reformed, Mennonites, Amish, and other sects, developed a rich religious life with a strong musical culture. Collectively, they came to be known as the Pennsylvania Dutch (from Deutsch). [85] [86] In the American Revolution the Mennonites and other small religious sects were neutral pacifists.
Fredericksburg was primarily part of the pro-Union Texas resistance during the Civil War, but a portion of the population remained loyal to the Confederacy. While many Germans saw slavery as an evil, the 1860 census showed 33 slaves in Gillespie County. [52]
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was an armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.
Questions of German American loyalty increased due to events like the German bombing of Black Tom island [98] and the U.S. entering World War I, many German Americans were arrested for refusing allegiance to the U.S. [99] War hysteria led to the removal of German names in public, names of things such as streets, [100] and businesses. [101]