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It may, for example, refer to European Russia (except the North Caucasus and Kaliningrad). [citation needed] The 1967 book by Stephen P. Dunn and Ethel Dunn The Peasants of Central Russia [1] defines the area as the territory from Novgorod Oblast to the north to the border with Ukraine in the south and from Smolensk Oblast to the west and Volga ...
The Central Agricultural Zone was marked by lower living standards for peasants, and an extremely dense and poor rural population. [1] [2] It was surrounded by areas where commercial farming was prevalent: in the Baltic were capitalist farms able to hire wage-labour due to the Emancipation in 1817 with access to Western grain markets, in Western Ukraine nobles had established vast sugar-beet ...
State peasants lived on public land and paid taxes to the treasury. According to the first audit of the tax paying population of Russia (1719), there were in European Russia and Siberia 1,049,000 males (i.e. 19% of the total agricultural population), according to the 10th audit revision (1858) – 9,345 million (45.2% agricultural population).
2008 Russian Second Division; 2009 Russian Second Division; 2016–17 Russian Professional Football League; Central Federal District; Expansion of Russia (1500–1800) Federal districts of Russia; Golden Ring of Russia; Great Stand on the Ugra River; Muravsky Trail; Oka (river) Political divisions of Russia; User:Benjamin Trovato/My Nogai
Obshchina Gathering by Sergei Korovin. The organization of the peasant mode of production is the primary cause for the type of social structure found in the obshchina. The relationship between the individual peasant, the family and the community leads to a specific social structure categorized by the creation of familial alliances to apportion risks between members of the community.
In most of Slavonic Russia the peasants practised the open field system. The fields lay beyond the village's houses and gardens. Here the peasants grew the extensive cereal cultures and, to a limited but increasing extent, row and industrial crops too. The crops were protected from livestock by temporary fencing.
The plot was normally in the hereditary tenure of the household, and not subject to repartition (unlike the peasants' holdings in the open fields). In the later 19th century the growth of towns and cities in central Russia encouraged the development of market gardening and truck farming in this region.
The Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection is an extensive map collection owned by the Perry–Castañeda Library at The University of Texas at Austin. [1] Many of the maps in the collection have been scanned and are available online, and most of these maps are public domain. [2] The collection includes maps of special interest: Afghanistan