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The code also defines the clearance that is shorter than the physical clearance to account for sag curves, bridge deflection and expected settlements with a recommendation of minimum clearance of 5 metres (16 ft 5 in). [2] In UK, the "standard minimum clearance" for structures over public highways is 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m). [3]
In civil engineering, clearance refers to the difference between the loading gauge and the structure gauge in the case of railroad cars or trams, or the difference between the size of any vehicle and the width/height of doors, the width/height of an overpass or the diameter of a tunnel as well as the air draft under a bridge, the width of a lock or diameter of a tunnel in the case of watercraft.
The clearance space between a train and the tunnel is often small. Pictured is a London Underground Northern line 1995 Stock train emerging from the tunnel north of Hendon Central station. A loading gauge is a diagram or physical structure that defines the maximum height and width dimensions in railway vehicles and their loads.
Great Railroad Tunnels of North America. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5951-3. West, Graham (2005). Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67335-8. Andrew R. Black (2020). Buried Dreams. The Hoosac Tunnel and the Demise of the Railroad Age. Baton rouge ...
As trains cannot climb steep slopes, they have little occasion to go over significant vertical curves. However, high-speed trains are sufficiently high-powered that steep slopes are preferable to the reduced speed necessary to navigate horizontal curves around obstacles, or the higher construction costs necessary to tunnel through or bridge ...
The eastern portal of the abandoned Sideling Hill Tunnel, Pennsylvania, U.S., in 2009. The Moffat Tunnel, opened in 1928, passes under the Continental Divide of the Americas in Colorado. The tunnel is 10.0 km (6.2 mi) long and at an elevation of 2,816 m (9,239 ft) is the highest active railroad tunnel in the U.S.
The tunnel lining was notched at the crown to allow clearance under the wire for freight trains, which mainly removes shotcrete placed in 2004, but some of the historical brick lining was removed as part of the tunnel modification work. In addition, up to 21 inches (530 mm) of the decorative stone portal was removed.
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related to: ho train tunnel portal clearance requirements