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Kinetochore. A kinetochore (/ kɪˈnɛtəkɔːr /, /- ˈniːtəkɔːr /) is a disc-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. [1] The kinetochore assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule ...
The kinesin-13 family, unlike other kinesins, has an internally positioned motor domain. They were initially named KIF-M because of the unique location of their catalytic core in the middle of the polypeptide between the N-terminal globular domain and the C-terminal stalk but they are truly special due to their versatile nature.
Freeze-cast alumina that has been partially sintered. The freezing direction in the image is up. Freeze-casting, also frequently referred to as ice-templating, freeze casting, or freeze alignment, is a technique that exploits the highly anisotropic solidification behavior of a solvent (generally water) in a well-dispersed solution or slurry to controllably template directionally porous ...
gpops2.com. GPOPS-II (pronounced "GPOPS 2") is a general-purpose MATLAB software for solving continuous optimal control problems using hp-adaptive Gaussian quadrature collocation and sparse nonlinear programming. The acronym GPOPS stands for " G eneral P urpose OP timal Control S oftware", and the Roman numeral "II" refers to the fact that ...
Fracture toughness. In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. A component's thickness affects the constraint conditions at the tip of a crack with thin components having plane stress conditions and thick components having ...
Rainflow counting identifies the closed cycles in a stress-strain curve. The rainflow-counting algorithm is used in calculating the fatigue life of a component in order to convert a loading sequence of varying stress into a set of constant amplitude stress reversals with equivalent fatigue damage. The method successively extracts the smaller ...
The idea of Rosenbrock search is also used to initialize some root-finding routines, such as fzero (based on Brent's method) in Matlab. Rosenbrock search is a form of derivative-free search but may perform better on functions with sharp ridges. [6] The method often identifies such a ridge which, in many applications, leads to a solution. [7]
The freezing point depression osmometer is an osmometer that is used in determining a solution's osmotic concentration as its osmotically active aspects depress its freezing point. In the past, freezing point osmometry has been used to assess the osmotic strength of colloids and solutions. The osmometer uses the solution's freezing point ...