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Aciclovir, also known as acyclovir, [4] is an antiviral medication. [5] It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox , and shingles . [ 6 ] Other uses include, prevention of cytomegalovirus infections following transplant, and severe complications of Epstein–Barr virus infection.
Cidofovir is only available as an intravenous formulation. Cidofovir is to be administered with probenecid which decreases side effects to the kidney. [22] Probenecid mitigates nephrotoxicity by inhibiting organic anion transport of the proximal tubule epithelial cells of the kidney. [23]
Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes Simplex, chickenpox, [2] varicella zoster virus: GSK: guanosine analogue RTI 1981 Adefovir: Hepatitis B [3] Gilead Sciences RTI 2002 , 2003 Amantadine: Influenza: Influenza A virus M2 proton channel antagonist 1966 Ampligen: Avian Influenza: Immunomodulatory double-stranded RNA: 2016 Amprenavir (Agenerase) HIV
The first successful antiviral, aciclovir, is a nucleoside analogue, and is effective against herpesvirus infections. The first antiviral drug to be approved for treating HIV, zidovudine (AZT), is also a nucleoside analogue. An improved knowledge of the action of reverse transcriptase has led to better nucleoside analogues to treat HIV infections.
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances , both toxic chemicals and medications , on kidney function . [ 1 ] There are various forms, [ 2 ] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way.
Post-exposure prophylaxis, also known as post-exposure prevention (PEP), is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring. It should be contrasted with pre-exposure prophylaxis , which is used before the patient has been exposed to the infective agent.
Mutations occur in the enzymes that phosphorylate the drug and activate it: in the case of herpes simplex, resistance to acyclovir arises due to a mutation affecting the viral enzyme thymidine kinase. Since nucleoside analogues require two phosphorylations to be activated, one carried out by a viral enzyme and the other by enzymes in the host ...
Herpes gladiatorum is a skin infection primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus.The virus infects the cells in the epidermal layer of the skin. The initial viral replication occurs at the entry site in the skin or mucous membrane.
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