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A cost index is the ratio of the actual price in a time period compared to that in a selected base period (a defined point in time or the average price in a certain year), multiplied by 100. Raw materials, products and energy prices, labor and construction costs change at different rates, and plant construction cost indexes are actually a ...
Plating efficiency ("PE") is a measure of the number of colonies originating from single cells. It is a very sensitive test and is often used for determining the nutritional requirements of cells , testing serum lots, measuring the effects of growth factors , and for toxicity testing.
The Marshall-Edgeworth index, credited to Marshall (1887) and Edgeworth (1925), [11] is a weighted relative of current period to base period sets of prices. This index uses the arithmetic average of the current and based period quantities for weighting. It is considered a pseudo-superlative formula and is symmetric. [12]
A price index (plural: "price indices" or "price indexes") is a normalized average (typically a weighted average) of price relatives for a given class of goods or services in a given region, during a given interval of time.
Rate-of-return regulation (also cost-based regulation) is a system for setting the prices charged by government-regulated monopolies, such as public utilities. It attempts to set prices at efficient (non-monopolistic, competitive) levels [ 1 ] equal to the efficient costs of production, plus a government-permitted rate of return on capital.
For example, a Törnqvist index summarizing labor input may weigh the growth rate of the hours of each group of workers by the share of labor compensation they receive. [7] The Törnqvist index is a superlative index, meaning it can approximate any smooth production or cost function. "Smooth" here means that small changes in relative prices for ...
Low-cost index funds vs. ETFs vs. mutual funds. You can buy low-cost index funds as either an ETF or a mutual fund, and well-known indexes such as the S&P 500 will have both available. The list ...
The index provides an easy metric for quantifying and ranking the complexity of various refineries and units. [2] To calculate the index, it is necessary to use complexity factors, which compare the cost of upgrading units to the cost of crude distillation unit. [3]