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An incumbent local exchange carrier is a local exchange carrier (LEC) in a specific area that on the date of enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 , provided telephone exchange service on the date of enactment, was deemed to be a member of the National Exchange Carrier Association pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R ...
Unbundled access is similar to Bit-stream access, where the incumbent provider gives competitive access not to the actual copper wire of the local loop, but to a high-speed ADSL data connection. Both setups ensure competition for the backhaul but leave "last mile" infrastructure the responsibility of the incumbent carrier.
A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC).
In the United States, cable operators were not required to provide access to their facilities to other competing businesses. However, local telephone providers with physical infrastructure, or incumbent local exchange carriers, had such an obligation. This asymmetrical scheme of regulation became a problem when the two industries' businesses ...
According to NFPA 72 2010, 3.3.141, [1] an MFVN is defined simply as: A physical facilities-based network capable of transmitting real time signals with formats unchanged that is managed, operated, and maintained by the service provider to ensure service quality and reliability from the subscriber location to public switched telephone network (PSTN) interconnection points or other MFVN peer ...
Unlike unbundled access, the provision of bit-stream access services is not mandated under European Union law, but where an incumbent operator provides bit-stream DSL services to its own services, subsidiary or third party, then, in accordance with community law, it must also provide such forms of access under transparent and non-discriminatory terms or conditions to others (Directive 98/10/EC ...
The service uses a Sagemcom's set top box (STB) made for EBOX which allows access to Google Play Store and includes Chromecast functionality. During 2019, support for non STB devices was added including Sony Bravia Android TV, Nvidia Shield (2017, 2019 and Pro), Xiaomi MiBox 4S and Amazon FireTV (2nd generation or higher including TV's with ...
The Cable & Telecommunications Association for Marketing introduced a logo (pictured) intended for marketing TV Everywhere services.. TV Everywhere (also known as authenticated streaming or authenticated video on-demand) [1] refers to a type of American subscription business model wherein access to streaming video content from a television channel requires users to "authenticate" themselves as ...