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An incumbent local exchange carrier is a local exchange carrier (LEC) in a specific area that on the date of enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 , provided telephone exchange service on the date of enactment, was deemed to be a member of the National Exchange Carrier Association pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R ...
Unbundled access is similar to Bit-stream access, where the incumbent provider gives competitive access not to the actual copper wire of the local loop, but to a high-speed ADSL data connection. Both setups ensure competition for the backhaul but leave "last mile" infrastructure the responsibility of the incumbent carrier.
A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC).
Unlike unbundled access, the provision of bit-stream access services is not mandated under European Union law, but where an incumbent operator provides bit-stream DSL services to its own services, subsidiary or third party, then, in accordance with community law, it must also provide such forms of access under transparent and non-discriminatory terms or conditions to others (Directive 98/10/EC ...
Local exchange carrier (LEC) is a regulatory term in telecommunications for the local telephone company.. In the United States, wireline telephone companies are divided into two large categories: long-distance (interexchange carrier, or IXCs) and local (local exchange carrier, or LECs).
In the United States, cable operators were not required to provide access to their facilities to other competing businesses. However, local telephone providers with physical infrastructure, or incumbent local exchange carriers, had such an obligation. This asymmetrical scheme of regulation became a problem when the two industries' businesses ...
By deregulating infrastructure, it introduced competition into the market. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 put incumbent telecommunications carriers under the following obligations: [1] Access to rights of way—the duty to afford access to the poles, ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way of such carrier to competing providers of ...
The service uses a Sagemcom's set top box (STB) made for EBOX which allows access to Google Play Store and includes Chromecast functionality. During 2019, support for non STB devices was added including Sony Bravia Android TV, Nvidia Shield (2017, 2019 and Pro), Xiaomi MiBox 4S and Amazon FireTV (2nd generation or higher including TV's with ...