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The enzymes in thermophiles function at high temperatures. Some of these enzymes are used in molecular biology, for example the Taq polymerase used in PCR. [4] "Thermophile" is derived from the Greek: θερμότητα (thermotita), meaning heat, and Greek: φίλια (philia), love. Comparative surveys suggest that thermophile diversity is ...
DNA: is also adapted to elevated temperatures by several mechanisms. The first is cyclic potassium 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, which has been isolated in only a few species of the genus. Methanopyrus is characterized by the fact that it prevents DNA damage at these temperatures. [10] Topoisomerase is an enzyme found in all hyperthermophiles. It is ...
Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacteria that can tolerate high temperatures, one of several thermophilic bacteria that belong to the Deinococcota phylum. It is the source of the heat-resistant enzyme Taq DNA polymerase, one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technique.
T. aquaticus is a bacterium that lives in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, and Taq polymerase was identified [1] as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR. [2] Therefore, it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. coli originally used in PCR. [3]
Pyrococcus furiosus is a strictly anaerobic, heterotrophic, sulfur-reducing archaea originally isolated from heated sediments in Vulcano, Italy by Fiala and Stetter. It is noted for its rapid doubling time of 37 minutes under optimal conditions, meaning that every 37 minutes the number of individual organisms is multiplied by two, yielding an exponential growth curve.
These organisms can even survive the autoclave, which is a machine designed to kill organisms through high temperature and pressure. Because hyperthermophiles live in such hot environments, they must have DNA, membrane, and enzyme modifications that help them withstand intense thermal energy. Such modifications are currently being studied to ...
Thermus thermophilus is a Gram-negative bacterium with an outer membrane that is composed of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides.This bacterium also has a thin peptidoglycan (also known as murein) layer, in this layer there are 29 muropeptides which account for more than 85% of the total murein layer.
Pyrolobus fumarii (Latin for "fire lobe of the chimney" [1]) is a species of archaea known for living and reproducing at extremely high temperatures that kill most organisms. [1] [2] P. fumarii is known as a hyperthermophile obligately chemolithoautotroph. In the simplest terms, this archaea grows best in warm temperatures ranging from 80 °C ...