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  2. Spanish personal pronouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_personal_pronouns

    Spanish is a pro-drop language with respect to subject pronouns, and, like many European languages, Spanish makes a T-V distinction in second person pronouns that has no equivalent in modern English. Object pronouns can be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis.

  3. Leísmo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leísmo

    Area of leísmo and loísmo/laísmo in central Spain. Leísmo ("using le") is a dialectal variation in the Spanish language that occurs largely in Spain.It involves using the indirect object pronouns le and les in place of the (generally standard) direct object pronouns lo, la, los, and las, especially when the direct object refers to a male person or people.

  4. Spanish pronouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_pronouns

    Spanish pronouns in some ways work quite differently from their English counterparts. Subject pronouns are often omitted, and object pronouns come in clitic and non-clitic forms. When used as clitics, object pronouns can appear as proclitics that come before the verb or as enclitics attached to the end of the verb in different linguistic ...

  5. Spanish grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_grammar

    The verb fue has no dummy subject, and the pronoun el que is not a cleaver but a nominalising relative pronoun meaning "the [male] one that". Provided we respect the pairings of " el que " and " las llaves ", we can play with the word order of the Spanish sentence without affecting its structure – although each permutation would, to a native ...

  6. Grammatical gender in Spanish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender_in_Spanish

    The pronoun ello ('it, the aforementioned concept'), the demonstrative pronouns esto ('this [idea or unnamed thing]'), eso ('that' not far), and aquello ('that' further away), and some uses of the clitic object pronoun lo, are traditionally called "neuter" ("neutro") because they do not have a gendered noun as their antecedent, but rather refer ...

  7. Spanish object pronouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_object_pronouns

    Spanish object pronouns come in two forms: clitic and non-clitic, or stressed. Clitics, by definition, cannot function independently, and they therefore must appear attached to a host (a verb [2] or preposition). With verbs, clitics may appear as proclitics before the verb or as enclitics attached to the end of the verb, with proclitization ...

  8. M–T and N–M pronoun patterns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M–T_and_N–M_pronoun...

    [1] [2] [3] This was recently the case in English, for example, with me, my, mine in 1sg and thou, thee, thine in 2sg. The M–T pattern has been used as an argument for several proposed long-distance language families , such as the Nostratic hypothesis, that include Indo-European as a subordinate branch; Nostratic has even been called 'Mitian ...

  9. T–V distinction in the world's languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T–V_distinction_in_the...

    Judeo-Spanish (Ladino), which diverged just as Old Spanish was evolving into modern Spanish, lacks the pronouns usted and ustedes. In most dialects, it uses vos for the second-person formal singular, which takes second-person plural endings. Vozotros/vozotras is used for the second-person plural, whether formal or informal.