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This is a list of metaphysicians, philosophers who specialize in metaphysics. See also Lists of philosophers . This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
Ancient Greek philosophy began in Miletus with the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales [1] [2] and lasted through Late Antiquity. Some of the most famous and influential philosophers of all time were from the ancient Greek world, including Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. ↵Abbreviations used in this list: c. = circa; fl. = flourished
Philosophy portal The main article for this category is List of metaphysicians . This is the category for philosophers who study the field of metaphysics and its various subfields: ontology, etc..
René Descartes (1596 – 1650) – "Father of Modern Philosophy". Descartes' metaphysical thought is found in his Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) and Principles of Philosophy (1644). Baruch Spinoza (1632 – 1677) – one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy. He defined "God" as a singular self-subsistent substance, and ...
The Hindu school of Samkhya philosophy [r] introduced a metaphysical dualism with pure consciousness and matter as its fundamental categories. [160] In China, the school of Xuanxue explored metaphysical problems such as the contrast between being and non-being. [161] Boethius's theory of universals influenced many subsequent metaphysicians.
The circled dot was used by the Pythagoreans and later Greeks to represent the first metaphysical being, the Monad or The Absolute. The first named Greek philosopher, according to Aristotle, is Thales of Miletus, early 6th century BCE. He made use of purely physical explanations to explain the phenomena of the world rather than the mythological ...
List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 17th century; List of philosophers born in the 18th century; List of philosophers born in the 19th century; List of philosophers born in the 20th century
Peter Singer (born 1946) Moral philosopher on animal liberation, effective altruism. Bruno Latour (1947-2022) French Philosopher, anthropologist, sociologist. Camille Paglia (born 1947). Martha Nussbaum (born 1947). Political philosopher. Hans-Hermann Hoppe (born 1949). Slavoj Žižek (born 1949). German Idealism, Marxism and Lacanian ...