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During World War II unemployment by 1945 had fallen to 1.9% from 14.6% in 1940. 20% of the population during the war was employed within the armed forces. [ 36 ] The beginning years of World War II shows a spike in employment, but towards the end of the war decreased significantly.
The Victory ship was a class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by American shipyards during World War II to replace losses caused by German submarines. They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship, were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines, giving higher speed to allow participation in high-speed convoys and make them more difficult targets ...
The campaign in Northwest Europe had commenced on 6 June 1944 (), with Operation Overlord, the Allied Normandy landings. [2]By early September, the Allied forces had reached the Dutch and German borders in the north and the Moselle in the south, [3] but the advance came to a halt due to logistical difficulties, particularly fuel shortages, and stiffening German resistance. [4]
Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400069644. Sawyer, L. A.; Mitchell, W. H. (1985). The Liberty Ships: The history of the "emergency" type cargo ships constructed in the United States during the Second World War. London: Lloyd's of London Press. ISBN 978-1850440499.
The operations of the Pacific Route were organized by Leonid Belakhov, Deputy Commissar and Chief Political Officer of the Ministry of the Maritime Fleet (MorFlot). Goods were moved from US west coast ports (principally Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Columbia River ports) [3] and moved via the Great circle route across the Pacific, skirting the Aleutians and the Kuriles.
A Victory ship of World War II Liberty ship of World War II. The Emergency Shipbuilding Program built many types of ships to support the war. The most numerous ships were the 2,710 cargo Liberty ships. [25] Liberty ships were built between 1941 and 1945, with a new module assembly process so that about three ships were built every two days. [26]
Although a cart drawn by a pair of oxen could carry up to 540 kilograms (1,200 lb), compared with about 110 kilograms (250 lb) for pack horses, mules and camels, they could only travel at 3.2 kilometres per hour (2 mph) and be worked for 5 hours per day, whereas pack horses could travel at 6.4 kilometres per hour (4 mph) and be worked for 8 ...
The T2 was based on two ships built in 1938–1939 by Bethlehem Steel for Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Mobilfuel and Mobilube, differing from the Mobil ships principally in the installation of more powerful engines for higher speed. Standard T2s were 501 ft 6 in (152.9 m) in total length, with a beam of 68 ft (20.7 m).