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In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking a message. In other words, it is used to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity).
An email signature block example, using a female variant of the Alan Smithee pseudonym.. A signature block (often abbreviated as signature, sig block, sig file, .sig, dot sig, siggy, or just sig) is a personalized block of text automatically appended at the bottom of an email message, Usenet article, or forum post.
ARC-Message-Signature (abbreviated AMS) - A combination of an instance number (i) and a DKIM-like signature of the entire message except for the ARC-Seal headers; To sign a modification, an intermediate server performs the following steps: Copies the Authentication-Results field into a new AAR field (starting with i=1) and prepends it to the ...
Message authentication or data origin authentication is an information security property that indicates that a message has not been modified while in transit (data integrity) and that the receiving party can verify the source of the message. [1] Message authentication does not necessarily include the property of non-repudiation. [2] [3]
The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) is the IETF's standard for cryptographically protected messages. It can be used by cryptographic schemes and protocols to digitally sign , digest , authenticate or encrypt any form of digital data.
An electronic signature, or e-signature, is data that is logically associated with other data and which is used by the signatory to sign the associated data. [1] [2] [3] This type of signature has the same legal standing as a handwritten signature as long as it adheres to the requirements of the specific regulation under which it was created (e.g., eIDAS in the European Union, NIST-DSS in the ...
Signatures with efficient protocols are a form of digital signature invented by Jan Camenisch and Anna Lysyanskaya in 2001. In addition to being secure digital signatures, they need to allow for the efficient implementation of two protocols: A protocol for computing a digital signature in a secure two-party computation protocol.
Though he failed to realize a royal commission, which made him hostile towards the British, [31] he gained self-confidence, leadership skills, and knowledge of British military tactics. The destructive competition Washington witnessed among colonial politicians fostered his later support of a strong central government.