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Conder tokens are named after James Conder who was an early collector and cataloguer of these tokens. [2] [8] Building on the work of Conder and a few other intermediary reference works, the definitive and exhaustive work on attributing Conder tokens used by modern collectors is that of Dalton and Hamer.
These tokens are usually known as Conder tokens, after the writer of the first reference book on them. Show World Center token, New York City, c. 1990 These were issued by merchants in payment for goods with the agreement that they would be redeemed in goods to an equivalent value at the merchants' own outlets.
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English: This is the obverse of a Conder Token issued for Mr. Gilbert Pidcock in the 1790s to advertise his exhibition of wild animals at Exeter Change, in the Strand. The series of "Pidcock's tokens" are very popular with collectors, and exhibit an array curious animals. This token is indexed in Dalton and Hamer as Middlesex 414.
Conder did not simply study the Tokens; he also issued his own tokens to advertise his own drapery business. At the time the British Government did not issue low value coins as they had not been required. However the changes in the way the population worked was changing and there was a large demand throughout the country for low value coins.
The following list is a chart of the most expensive coins. Most of these are auction prices. ... Price Year Type Grade Issuing country Provenance Firm Date of sale ...
Tokens have been used for both to advertise and to facilitate commerce and may or may not have a value. Token authority Russell Rulau offers a broad definition for exonumia in his 1040 page tome, UNITED STATES TOKENS: 1700–1900 [4] but lines between categories can be fuzzy. For example, an advertising token may also be considered a medal.
The system has also been criticized by many libertarian socialists, particularly anarcho-communists, who propose abolishing all remuneration and prices and advocate instead a gift economy with the value determined by calculation in kind. In criticizing collectivist anarchism's retaining of labour vouchers and cheques, Peter Kropotkin said: