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In this usage, synonyms for sponge are yeast starter or yeast pre-ferment. [3] [note 1] In French baking the sponge and dough method is known as levain-levure. [4] The method is reminiscent of the sourdough or levain methods; however, the sponge is made from all fresh ingredients prior to being used in the final dough. [5] [note 2]
Spontaneous sourdough starters take, at a minimum, several days, and are subject to many variables. [3] To make a sourdough starter from scratch, the minimum-needed ingredients are flour, water, and time. This starter is maintained with daily feedings or refreshments of fresh flour and water or, new dough.
In sourdough bread-making, cold decreases the activity of wild yeast relative to the Lactobacilli, [13] which produce flavoring products such as lactic acid and acetic acid. [14] Sourdough that is retarded before baking can result in a more sour loaf. To prevent the dough from drying, air flow in the dough retarder is kept to a minimum.
German pumpernickel is traditionally made from a sourdough starter, [90] although modern pumpernickel loaves often use commercial yeasts, sometimes spiked with citric acid or lactic acid to inactivate the amylases in the rye flour. Flemish desem bread (the word means 'starter') is a whole-wheat sourdough. [91]
A sourdough starter is “live fermented culture of fresh flour and water,” according to The Clever Carrot. Once the two ingredients are mixed together, the mix ferments and creates a natural yeast.
With a dough hydration of around 50–57%, bagel dough is among the stiffest bread doughs. [25] Most bagel recipes call for the addition of a sweetener to the dough, often barley malt (syrup or crystals), honey, high fructose corn syrup, or sugar, with or without eggs, milk or butter. [3]
Sandwich bread (also referred to as pan bread, loaf bread, or sandwich loaf) [1] is bread that is prepared specifically to be used for the preparation of sandwiches. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Sandwich breads are produced in many varieties, such as white , whole wheat , sourdough , rye , multigrain [ 1 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] and others.
Whole wheat bread or wholemeal bread is a type of bread made using flour that is partly or entirely milled from whole or almost-whole wheat grains, see whole-wheat flour and whole grain. It is one kind of brown bread. Synonyms or near-synonyms for whole-wheat bread outside the United States (e.g., the UK) are whole grain bread or wholemeal bread.